The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources’ spring 2025 waterfowl population count found that Minnesota’s blue-winged teal population is 60 percent below last year. Blue-winged teal prefer small, temporary wetlands for nesting and brood rearing. Over the last few years, dry conditions have led to fewer of these wetlands in Minnesota, likely spurring the teal to settle outside the state and reducing the estimated number of birds present in the state this past spring. At an estimated 64,000 in spring 2025, this is the lowest blue-winged teal population since the survey started in 1968.

We know habitat is the most important factor driving waterfowl populations. To that end, the DNR developed the 2025-2030 Duck Action Plan to guide agency efforts to manage waterfowl habitat. It can be found on the DNR website (mndnr.gov/waterfowl).

Overall, spring waterfowl population counts found mixed results relative to 2024 numbers and long-term averages for several species that nest in Minnesota. Below are the current population estimates:

• Blue-winged teals: 64,000, which is 60 percent below the 2024 estimate and 69 percent below the long-term average

• Canada geese: 140,000, which is 32 percent above the 2024 estimate and 8 percent below the long-term average

• Mallards: 164,000, which is 16 percent above the 2024 estimate and 28 percent below the long-term average

• Other ducks (such as ring-necked ducks, wood ducks, gadwalls, northern shovelers, canvasbacks, redheads and buffleheads): 189,000, which is 119 percent above the 2024 estimate and 7 percent above the long-term average

• Total breeding duck abundance (excluding scaup): 417,000, which is 8 percent above the 2024 estimate and 32 percent below the long-term average

The full waterfowl survey report includes additional information about survey methods, as well as recent trumpeter swan population estimates and an estimated number of wetlands in the state. The report is available on the DNR waterfowl management page (mndnr.gov/waterfowl).